Skin2 min read

Acne in the teenage years: what actually helps

Why acne happens, which over-the-counter ingredients have evidence behind them, and when to ask for prescription treatment.

Stone Surgical ArtsOriginally published April 1, 2024Updated September 9, 2026

Perspective from Stone Surgical Arts

Acne is one of the most common skin conditions and it is at its most common in the teenage years. It is treatable, and the order in which treatments are tried matters more than any single product.

A thought to keep

Give a treatment time to work before changing it, and ask for help early if acne is scarring or affecting how you feel.

Why acne happens

Acne develops when hair follicles become blocked with skin cells and oil. Bacteria and inflammation follow, producing the range of spots from blackheads and whiteheads to deeper, painful lesions.

It is not caused by poor hygiene, and washing more often does not clear it. Very frequent or vigorous washing tends to irritate the skin and make matters worse.

The basics that help

Washing gently twice a day, and after heavy sweating, with lukewarm water is enough. Pat the skin dry rather than rubbing it.

Choose skincare and cosmetics labelled non-comedogenic, and try not to pick or squeeze spots, which increases the chance of scarring.

Over-the-counter treatments

Benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid and topical retinoids are the ingredients most commonly recommended for mild acne, and they work in different ways: reducing bacteria, clearing blocked pores and normalising how the skin sheds cells.

Any of them may cause dryness or irritation at first, so starting with a lower strength and building up is usual. Treatments generally need several weeks of consistent use before the result can be judged.

When to ask for more help

If over-the-counter treatment has not helped after a reasonable trial, if the spots are deep and painful, or if scarring is appearing, that is the point to see a clinician. Prescription options include stronger topical treatments and, in some cases, oral medication.

Acne affects confidence, and that is a legitimate reason to seek treatment rather than wait it out. Say so at the appointment, because it can change what is offered.

Adapted from the Stone Surgical Arts archive and updated for clarity. This article offers general information; an individual consultation is needed for treatment advice.